Hello David, in a pipeline, your results depend less on the resolution near the wall (up to y-plus values), but we expect you to be able to detect a gap between different turbulence patterns. This is a perfect example of the possibility of using y-plus insensitivity, which is the standard treatment for the SST model and the scalable wall function for k-epsilon models. Traditional ERP models differ from RANS models in that the larger turbulent structures of the flow are completely resolved, while the smaller structures (which can be argued to have a negligible impact on most flows) are modeled using a subgrid-scale model. This inherently makes ERP more computationally intensive than RANS models. With free shear flows, turbulent scales are quite large, so ERPs are fine, but one of the most prohibitive limitations of LES is that within a turbulent boundary layer, turbulent structures are quite small – and need to be resolved both spatially and temporally. This means that the y-plus must be of the order of 1 and that our cell aspect ratio in the boundary layer must be of the order of 1 to 10 in the current and transverse flow directions. : Turbulence is a 3D phenomenon by nature, so this is not recommended for 2D or axisymmetric applications, so we recommend that you integrate a periodic 3D disk from your injector instead. Thank you for your comment. The SST turbulence model has become the industry standard RANS model due to its superior accuracy in detecting flow behavior in regions close to the wall.

For boundary layers in unfavorable pressure gradients, it is essential to correctly predict flow separation to have a Y+ less than or equal to 1, which means that we dissolve the flow from the boundary layer to the laminar sublayer. For this reason, the Low-Re-SST model is ideal, because the use of the k-Omega formulation for the boundary layer area means that we can dissolve on the viscous underlayment and no additional wall function is introduced. In free flow, the SST model switches to a k-epsilon formulation, which is more suitable for free shear currents. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you use the SST template for your issue. For well-behaved wall-bounded flows with slight pressure gradients or for flows that are not dictated by boundary layer effects, the k-epsilon model could be easily used. 2- My goal is to find the pressure drop in a pipe. The amount of pressure drop changes with the quality of the mesh, even for the Y Plus value less than 5. For example, if for the y + = 3 I dp = 3600 Pa and for y + = 0.5 I have dp = 3400 Pa. Which one is true? Thank you for your attention to my request Now, insert everything into formula (7) with your desired y^+ and you`re done! The laminar subclass actually exists in the y-plus range Thank you for your quick response. Again, I have two questions about Y plus. I really like this post, which is really very useful.

I have few things in mind that could repeat the questions, excuse me. My questions are: 1. What exactly does “wall function” mean and what exactly happens with “enhanced wall processing”? 2. Which parameter plays an important role in the turbulence modeling formula for wall function methodology? is often referred to simply as y plus and is often used in boundary layer theory and in the definition of wall law. The y+ value is simply the gate height adjacent to the non-dimensional wall, which is a function of the properties of the fluid and the coefficient of friction. For each geometry, there may be ambiguity in its correlation with our desired y+ value when estimating the network height close to the appropriate wall, since the value of the domestic friction coefficient is determined from the calculated flow solution and is not known in advance. Therefore, to get an estimate, we need to use empirical correlations, which are ultimately a function of the Reynolds number. Empirical correlations exist for internal and external flows and differ depending on the basic geometry and empirical functions used. We will answer this question directly with a future blog post and give a complete formulation of the procedure for estimating the height of the grid near the wall. Let`s try to understand this with an example.

A fisherman uses a fishing net, a grid-shaped structure, to catch the fish. .